Pahalgam Attack Reshaped Kashmir Security Strategy Significantly

Why in the News ?

On the anniversary of the Pahalgam terror attack (2025), which killed 26 civilians, including tourists, attention has turned to the transformation of security strategy in Jammu & Kashmir, highlighting a shift towards intelligence-led operations and persistent challenges.

Security Shift After Pahalgam Attack:

●  Strategic Shift: Movement from urban containment to a dispersed, intelligence-led security grid across vulnerable terrains.

●  Terrain Dominance: Focus shifted from “holding roads” to “holding ridges“, especially in Pir Panjal high-altitude areas.

●  Temporary Bases: Establishment of Temporary Operating Bases (TOBs) at altitudes of 3000–9000 feet.

●  Precision Operations: Adoption of targeted, intelligence-based strikes (e.g., dismantling terror modules like “Doctor Module”).

●  Tourism Security: Renewed focus on protecting tourist zones, previously considered relatively safe.

Technology, Integration and New Measures

●  Drone Deployment: Use of surveillance drones and counter-drone systems for real-time monitoring and threat neutralisation.

●  Facial Recognition: Installation of facial recognition devices at transit and tourist points.

●  Human Firewall: Over 50,000 individuals (guides, pony handlers, vendors) linked to Aadhaar-based QR identification systems.

●  Improved Coordination: Enhanced inter-agency intelligence sharing to reduce response time.

●  Surveillance Expansion: Use of ground sensors, aerial monitoring, and all-terrain vehicles for better reach.

Key points: Internal Security in J&K ●  Nature of Threat: Includes cross-border terrorism, hybrid militants, and infiltration via Line of Control (LoC). ●  Key Forces: Indian Army, CRPF, J&K Police, Rashtriya Rifles play coordinated roles. ●  Challenges: Difficult terrain, dense forests, and weather conditions hinder surveillance. ●  Intelligence Gap: Limited human intelligence (HUMINT) in remote regions remains a concern. ●  Policy Focus: Emphasis on counter-terrorism, surveillance, community integration, and safeguarding tourism.